First-wave feminism focused mainly on - suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (i.e., voting rights, property rights)
Second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities.
The same year “The Feminine Mystique” was published, President John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act of 1963 into law. The new legislation stipulated that women could no longer be paid less than men for doing “comparable work” at the same job. This Act was the result of a group of women in the White House, lead by labor activist Esther Peterson.
Betty Friedan (February 4, 1921 – February 4, 2006) was an American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century.
Journalist, activist, and co-founder of the National Organization for Women, Betty Friedan was one of the early leaders of the women’s rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Her 1963 best-selling book, The Feminine Mystique, gave voice to millions of American women’s frustrations with their limited gender roles and helped spark widespread public activism for gender equality.
- Title VII is the section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis of gender.
Equal Rights Amendment
Ratified
Ratified after June 30, 1982
Ratified, then revoked
Ratified, then revoked after June 30, 1982
Not ratified (approved in 1 house of legislature)
Not ratified
Angela Davis
Angela Davis began publishing articles and books that would contribute to the foundation of the “Black Feminist” movement.
Steinem went on to become one of the most recognizable leaders of the second wave. She co-founded both “New York” and “Ms.” magazines and covered political issues .
https://www.womenshistory.org/exhibits/feminism-second-wave#:~:text=This%20idea%20of%20bra%2Dburning,and%20%E2%80%9Cman%2Dhating.%E2%80%9D&text=By%20the%20late%201970s%2C%20the,other%20debates%20within%20feminism%20grew.
omen's Strike for Peace and Equality, New York City, Aug. 26, 1970.
Eugene Gordon—The New York Historical Society / Getty Images
The organizers of the day’s events agreed on a set of three specific goals, which reflected the overall spirit of second-wave feminism: free abortion on demand, equal opportunity in employment and education, and the establishment of 24/7 childcare centers. Over the next several years, activists would use multiple techniques — from public protest to legislative lobbying — in an attempt to turn these goals into realities.
Title IX is a federal civil rights law in the United States of America that was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receives funding from the federal government. This is Public Law No. 92‑318, 86 Stat.
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