Monday, February 13, 2023

Timeline Afghanistan War

https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan

Pat Tillman

https://pattillmanfoundation.org/

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“Somewhere inside, we hear a voice. It leads us in the direction of the person we wish to become. But it is up to us whether or not to follow.”

PAT TILLMAN

Panama Canal: Funnel for Trade

Theodore Roosevelt, who became president of the United States in 1901, believed that a U.S.-controlled canal across Central America was a vital strategic interest to the U.S.

The American Society of Civil Engineers has named the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world.

U.S. construction, 1904–1914

President Roosevelt famously stated that "I took the Isthmus, started the canal and then left Congress not to debate the canal, but to debate me."

Rebellion in Mexico

"Missionary Diplomacy"

President Wilson

The United States had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests.

Pancho Villa

Zapatistas

Why did U.S. get involved in Mexico after their revolution?

1. Mexican police had arrested a group of American soldiers
2. Mexicans released them quickly and apologized but Wilson used it as an excuse to intervene in Mexico

Chasing Villa

" It is better to die on your feet than live on your knees"- Emiliano Zapata

Who did the U.S.Army unsuccessfully chase for over a year?

Pancho Villa

Roosevelt the Peacemaker

Who did Roosevelt negotiate peace between?

Russians and Japanese

What did he receive due to the negotiations?

Nobel Peace Prize

Roosevelt Corollary

What was the main message of the Roosevelt Corollary?

U.S.= International Police Force
U.S. would use force to protect economic interests.

" Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far"

-Teddy Roosevelt

Dollar Diplomacy- U.S. Government would guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American businesspeople.

Filipinos Rebel

Emilio Aguinaldo

Rebel Leader of the Philippine Forces

Philippine- American War- took 3 years to put down the rebellion. About 20,000 Filipino rebels died fighting for independence. The war claimed 4,000 American lives and cost $400 million.

Philippines moved gradually toward independence and finally became an independent republic on July 4, 1946

Anti- Imperialist League

Prominent members

Former President Grover Cleveland
Industrialist Andrew Carnegie
Social Worker Jane Adams
Novelist Mark Twain

The anti-imperialists opposed expansion, believing that imperialism violated the fundamental principle that just republican government must derive from "consent of the governed."

Personal Voice

" Shall we go on conferring our Civilization upon the peoples that sit in darkness, or shall we give those poor things a rest?..... Extending the Blessings of Civilization to our brother who sits in darkness has been a good trade and has paid well, on the whole; and there is money in it yet....but not enough, in my judgment, to make any considerable risk advisable"

-Mark Twain

Foreign Influence in China

John Hay's Open Door Notes. The notes were letters addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the United States, thus creating an open door.

Boxer Rebellion in China.Resentment simmered beneath the surface as some chinese formed secret societies to rid the country of " foreign devils"

What 3 American Economic beliefs were emphasized in John Hay's "Open Door "notes?

1. U.S. economy depends on EXPORTS

2.U.S. had a right to intervene abroad to protect U.S. markets

3. The closing of an area would threaten American survival

Thursday, February 9, 2023

Yellow Journalism

Yellow journalism is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news

lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings

use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, and a parade of false learning from so-called experts

emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements, usually with comic strips

dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the system.

"Yellow journalism" cartoon about Spanish-American war of 1898, Independence Seaport Museum. The newspaper publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst are both attired as the Yellow Kid comics character of the time, and are competitively claiming ownership of the war.

Platt Amendment

1.Cuba could not enter into any foreign agreements
2. U.S would establish naval bases in Cuba
3. U.S. could intervene when necessary
4. Cuba could NOT go into DEBT

The Spanish -American War

The Spanish–American War was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States

Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

The Rough Riders was a nickname given to the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish–American War and the only one of the three to see action.

" In Strict confidence... I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one"
- Teddy Roosevelt 1897

" The Countries with the biggest navies would inherit the earth"
- Alfred T. Mahan

Where was the Spanish American War fought?
Cuba= Spanish colony

How did the War start?
USS Maine was destroyed and sank in Havana Harbor (268 soldiers died)

" The Splendid Little War"

War lasted only 3 months 113 days.

The United States Takes Hawaii

Queen Liliuokalani came to power with a " Hawaii for Hawaiians" agenda. she proposed removing the property-owning qualifications for voting.To prevent this from happening, business groups- encouraged by ambassador Stevens- organized a revolution. With the help of the marines, they overthrew the queen and set up a government by Stanford B. Dole.

Queen Liliʻuokalani issued the following statement yielding her authority to the United States Government rather than to the Provisional Government:

I, Liliʻuokalani, by the Grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government. Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said forces, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.
— Queen Liliʻuokalani, Jan 17, 1893

President Cleveland directed that the queen be restored to her throne.
Dole refused to surrender power, Cleveland formally recognized the Republic of Hawaii.

1897 President McKinley , who favored annexation, succeeded Cleveland. August 12,1898, Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory, although hawaiians had never had the chance to vote. In 1959 Hawaii became the 50th state of the United States

https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ha06.ush.ind.overthrow/the-overthrow-of-queen-liliuokalani/

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/queen-liliuokalani-the-first-and-last-queen-of-hawaii-kx2oc7/15032/

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/578.html

1993: President Clinton apologizes for 1893 overthrow of Hawaiian monarchy

President Bill Clinton signs legislation apologizing for the U.S. role in the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. The apology, meant as a means of reconciliation with Native Hawaiians, acknowledges the historic significance of the event—but the apology does not provide federal recognition to Native Hawaiians as other federal laws provide to American Indian tribes.

THEME: Federal-Tribal Relations

REGION: Hawai‘i

The United States Acquires Alaska

In 1867, William Seward arranged for the U.S. to buy Alaska from the Russians for 7.2 million. Some in Congress called it " Seward's Icebox"or "Seward's Folly". About 2 cents an acre

American Expansion ch 10

Imperialism is "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means".

Global Competition

Three factors fueled the New American Imperialism:

1. Desire for military Strength

2.Thirst for new markets

3. Belief in Cultural Superiority

U.S.History 2022